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1 photolithography area
English-Russian electronics dictionary > photolithography area
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2 photolithography area
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > photolithography area
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3 area
1) область; зона2) площадь4) сфера деятельности; область интересов•- area of picture element
- area of polygon
- area of science
- absorption area
- accounting area
- activation area
- active area
- active chip area
- antenna effective area
- aperture area
- approach area
- auditory sensation area
- backscatter echo area
- base area
- beam area
- bearing area
- blanket area - bonding area
- broadcasting fringe area
- business area
- capture area
- central-battery area
- clamping area
- coherence area
- cold area
- collector area
- component area
- contact area
- coverage area
- critical area
- crossover area
- cross sectional area
- data area
- device area
- dialing area
- dust-controlled area
- dynamic area
- echo area
- echoing area
- effective area
- effective contusion area
- effective echoing area of target
- elemental area
- emitter area
- emitting area
- equivalent flat plate area
- exchange area
- exposed area of resist
- extended BIOS data area
- fixed area
- fringe area
- hard clip area
- hard-to-rich area
- high memory area
- hot area
- initial turn-on area
- input area
- instruction area
- interfacial area
- interference area
- intermittent service area
- junction area
- lead-in area
- lead-out area - magnetized area
- masked area
- mesa area
- middle area
- mush area
- normal service area
- number-plan area
- numbering-plan area
- optional premastered area
- output area
- overflow area
- partial effective area
- phase contact area
- phase contacting area
- photolithography area
- picture area
- polarized area
- premastered area
- primary service area
- production area
- program area
- program calibration area
- radar control area
- radar echo area
- reception area
- recordable user area area
- recorded data area
- read-only area
- reliable service area
- reverse-bias safe-operation area
- robot area
- safe operating area
- scan area
- scanned area
- secondary service area
- seek area
- service area
- shadow area
- shareable area
- shooting area
- short-circuit safe-operation area
- skip area
- soft clip area
- system area
- target area
- target echoing area
- terminal area
- termination area
- type area
- typing area
- upper memory area
- window area
- working area -
4 area
1) область; зона2) площадь3) помещение или зона с определённым функциональным назначением; участок (напр. производственный)4) сфера деятельности; область интересов•- accounting area
- activation area
- active area
- active chip area
- antenna effective area
- aperture area
- approach area
- area of circle
- area of picture element
- area of polygon
- area of science
- auditory sensation area
- backscatter echo area
- base area
- beam area
- bearing area
- BIOS data area
- blanket area
- blind area
- bonding area
- broadcasting fringe area
- business area
- capture area
- central-battery area
- clamping area
- coherence area
- cold area
- collector area
- component area
- contact area
- coverage area
- critical area
- cross sectional area
- crossover area
- data area
- device area
- dialing area
- dust-controlled area
- dynamic area
- echo area
- echoing area
- effective area
- effective contusion area
- effective echoing area of target
- elemental area
- emitter area
- emitting area
- equivalent flat plate area
- exchange area
- exposed area of resist
- extended BIOS data area
- fixed area
- fringe area
- hard clip area
- hard-to-rich area
- high memory area
- hot area
- initial turn-on area
- input area
- instruction area
- interfacial area
- interference area
- intermittent service area
- junction area
- lead-in area
- lead-out area
- local access and transport area
- local-battery area
- magnetized area
- masked area
- mesa area
- middle area
- mush area
- normal service area
- numbering-plan area
- number-plan area
- optional premastered area
- output area
- overflow area
- partial effective area
- phase contact area
- phase contacting area
- photolithography area
- picture area
- polarized area
- premastered area
- primary service area
- production area
- program area
- program calibration area
- radar control area
- radar echo area
- read-only area
- reception area
- recordable user area area
- recorded data area
- reliable service area
- reverse-bias safe-operation area
- robot area
- safe operating area
- scan area
- scanned area
- secondary service area
- seek area
- service area
- shadow area
- shareable area
- shooting area
- short-circuit safe-operation area
- skip area
- soft clip area
- system area
- target area
- target echoing area
- terminal area
- termination area
- type area
- typing area
- upper memory area
- window area
- working areaThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > area
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5 участок фотолитографии
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > участок фотолитографии
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6 участок фотолитографии
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > участок фотолитографии
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7 Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
[br]b. 1819 Conflans, Franced. 1882 Conflans, France[br]French chemical engineer who established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing.[br]Poitevin graduated as a chemical engineer from the Ecole Centrale in Paris in 1843. He was appointed as a chemist with the Salines National de l'Est, a post which allowed him time for research, and he soon became interested in the recent invention of photography. He conducted a series of electrolytic experiments on daguerreotype plates in 1847 and 1848 which led him to propose a method of photochemical engraving on plates coated with silver or gold. In 1850 he joined the firm of Periere in Lyons, and the same year travelled to Paris. During the 1850s, Poitevin conducted a series of far-reaching experiments on the reactions of chromates with light, and in 1855 he took out two important patents which exploited the light sensitivity of bichromated gelatine. Poitevin's work during this period is generally recognized as having established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing, key steps in the development of modern photomechanical printing. His contribution to the advancement of photography was widely recognized and honours were showered upon him. Particularly welcome was the greater part of the 10,000 franc prize awarded by the Duke of Lynes, a wealthy art lover, for the discovery of permanent photographic printing processes. This sum was not sufficient to allow Poitevin to stop working, however, and in 1869 he resumed his career as a chemical engineer, first managing a glass works and then travelling to Africa to work in silver mines. Upon the death of his father he returned to his home town, where he remained until his own death in 1882.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1865. Paris Exposition Internationale Gold Medal for Services to Photography, 1878.BibliographyDecember 1855, British patent nos 2,815, 2,816.Further ReadingG.Tissandiers, 1876, A History and Handbook of Photography, trans. J.Thomson. J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JWBiographical history of technology > Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
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8 England, William
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. early 19th centuryd. 1896 London, England[br]English photographer, inventor of an early focal-plane shutter.[br]England began his distinguished photographic career taking daguerreotype portraits in London in the 1840s. In 1854 he joined the London Stereoscopic Company and became its chief photographer, taking thousands of stereoscopic views all over the world. In 1859 he travelled to America to take views of the Niagara Falls. On returning to Britain he became a freelance photographer, adding to his considerable reputation with a long series of stereoscopic alpine views. He also became interested in panoramic photography and, later, photolithography. England's most important technical innovation was a drop shutter with a horizontal slit sited immediately in front of the plate. Proposed in 1861, this was a crude device, but is usually recognized as the precursor of the modern focal-plane shutter.[br]Further ReadingMichael Aver, 1985, Photographers Encyclopedia International, Vol. I (A-K), Hermance, Switzerland.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JW
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